The route taken by Cyrus the Younger and his mercenaries from Sardis to Cunaxa and the return journey
In 401 BCE, Cyrus the Younger set out with an army of supporters and mercenaries to defeat his brother, Artaxerxes II, and claim the Persian throne for himself. But first they had to get there. Stream Download
A coin from Phokaia (home of Aspasia the Wise) depicting an unknown satrap, likely Cyrus the Younger or Tissaphernes via Wikimedia
Cyrus the Younger returned to Sardis as Karanos in 404 BCE, still nursing dreams of becoming king. Over the next three years he quietly built up an army of mercenaries and prepared his subjects for war, gathering them under false pretenses to march against his brother, King Artaxerxes II. Stream Download
In 404 BCE, Darius II died. The king’s death sparked fierce but quiet competition for the throne between the supporters of Cyrus the Younger and Darius’s chosen heir, Arsakes. Arsakes did become King Artaxerxes II, but not without having to settle this conflict. Stream Download
Tall-e Takht, near Pasargadae, possibly the ruins of an Achaemenid-era sanctuary/temple via Livius.org
A collection of early Zoroastrian prayers to the various Yazatas, the Yashts are some of the only surviving sources that provide a detailed window into the more polytheistic aspects of ancient Iran. As a bonus, they partially stem from myths and legends as told in the Achaemenid period. Stream Download
King of the World: The Life of Cyrus The Great by Matt Waters
King of the World: The Life of Cyrus the Great by Matt Waters is a new biography of the first Persian King of Kings from Oxford University Press. I was fortunate enough to receive an advanced PDF copy to review. In short, it’s an excellent introduction to both the life of Cyrus and Achaemenid Studies as a field. Almost all shortcomings are more the product of the subject rather than the biographer. For more, give it a listen. Stream Download
Digitally restored glazed bricks from Gate of Cyrus credit IRNAPartially intact wall uncovered with the Gate of Cyrus, credit: IRNAMajor sites around Persepolis marked on Google EarthPersepolis South as seen from aboveColumn bases from the royal palace at Taoke, credit: ICRORelevant images including satellite imagery and archaeological finds
The Achaemenid capital city at Persepolis wasn’t really much of a city in the traditional sense, but that doesn’t mean it was just a palace. A Persepolis Metropolitan Area stretched at least 5km out in every direction, and there have been some exciting finds there as well. We’ll also look at the area surrounding the other Persian palace cities. Stream Download
Cyrus the Younger obviously graduated early, but what exactly did he learn in ancient Persian school? Hunting, fitness, soldiery, science, and religion amongst many other things in a complex noble educational system. Stream Download
The Aramaic letter formally requesting funds to rebuild the Temple of Yaho in Elephantine
No, the other one. In Egypt. The best source of information on events Egypt under Darius II comes from the letters of the Jewish diaspora community in southern Egypt and their temple on the island of Elephantine. They also tell the story of a dramatic confrontation between the Jews and their Egyptian neighbors that ended in forced reconciliation. Stream Download
Meeting between Cyrus the Younger and Lysander, by Francesco Antonio Grue (1618-1673)
In 408 BCE, Darius II decided the Ionian War called for more drastic, teenage measures. He sent the 16 year old Prince Cyrus to rule western Anatolia as Karanos, a supreme military authority. Cyrus did everything in his power to enable his new Spartan allies’ victory against Athens. Stream Download
A coin showing an image of Pharnabzus II, Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia via Wikimedia
Despite their defeat in Sicily, the tales of Athenian demise in 413 BCE were greatly exaggerated. In 411, Athens and Sparta began to clash again and protracted tug-of-war in the Aegean even as Athens itself was seized by political upheavals. Stream Download